主要的外部(bu)因素：
1、放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)(shen)度 放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)(shen)度即使用(yong)過(guo)程中放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)到何種(zhong)程度開始停止(zhi)。100%深(shen)(shen)度指放(fang)(fang)出(chu)全部容(rong)量(liang)。太(tai)陽(yang)能鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命受到放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)(shen)度影(ying)響(xiang)很(hen)大(da)(da)(da)。設計考慮的(de)(de)(de)重點就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)深(shen)(shen)循(xun)(xun)(xun)環(huan)(huan)(huan)使用(yong)、淺循(xun)(xun)(xun)環(huan)(huan)(huan)使用(yong)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)浮充使用(yong)。若把淺循(xun)(xun)(xun)環(huan)(huan)(huan)使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)用(yong)于深(shen)(shen)循(xun)(xun)(xun)環(huan)(huan)(huan)使用(yong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，則(ze)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)會很(hen)快失(shi)效(xiao)。因為(wei)正極活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質二氧(yang)化(hua)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)本身的(de)(de)(de)互(hu)(hu)相結合(he)不牢，放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生成硫酸鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)又恢復成二氧(yang)化(hua)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)，硫酸鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)摩爾體積(ji)比二氧(yang)化(hua)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)大(da)(da)(da)，則(ze)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質體積(ji)膨脹。若1mol二氧(yang)化(hua)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)轉換為(wei)1mol硫酸鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)，體積(ji)增加95%。這樣反復收(shou)(shou)縮膨脹，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)二氧(yang)化(hua)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)粒子(zi)之間相互(hu)(hu)結合(he)逐漸松(song)弛，容(rong)易脫落。若1mol二氧(yang)化(hua)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質只有20%放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，則(ze)收(shou)(shou)縮、膨脹的(de)(de)(de)程度就(jiu)大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)降低，結合(he)力(li)破壞(huai)便緩(huan)慢，因此，放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)(shen)度越深(shen)(shen)，其(qi)循(xun)(xun)(xun)環(huan)(huan)(huan)壽(shou)命越短(duan)。用(yong)于太(tai)陽(yang)能路燈上面來說就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)在設計整套系統時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)LED路燈頭(tou)的(de)(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)要是(shi)(shi)太(tai)陽(yang)能蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)20%以內，才能夠更(geng)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)保護(hu)好(hao)太(tai)陽(yang)能鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)壽(shou)命不受影(ying)響(xiang)。
2、過(guo)充電程度 過(guo)充電時(shi)有大量氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)析出(chu)，這(zhe)時(shi)正極(ji)(ji)板(ban)活性(xing)(xing)物質遭(zao)(zao)(zao)受(shou)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)的(de)沖擊，這(zhe)種沖擊會(hui)(hui)促進活性(xing)(xing)物質脫落；此外，正極(ji)(ji)板(ban)活性(xing)(xing)物質遭(zao)(zao)(zao)受(shou)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)的(de)沖擊，這(zhe)種沖擊會(hui)(hui)促進活性(xing)(xing)物質脫落；此外，正極(ji)(ji)板(ban)柵合(he)金也遭(zao)(zao)(zao)受(shou)嚴重的(de)陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)氧化腐蝕，所(suo)以電池過(guo)沖電時(shi)會(hui)(hui)使應用(yong)期限縮短。為避免過(guo)沖電太陽(yang)能路燈生產廠家(jia)在設(she)計控(kong)制器參數(shu)時(shi)就要具有過(guo)充電保護功能，對太陽(yang)能鉛酸蓄電池起到(dao)更好的(de)保護作(zuo)用(yong)。
3、溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)影(ying)響 太陽(yang)能(neng)鉛(qian)(qian)酸蓄電(dian)池壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)隨溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)高而(er)(er)延長。在(zai)(zai)10～35℃間(jian)，每升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)高1℃，增加5～6個循環，在(zai)(zai)35～45℃之間(jian)，沒(mei)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)高1℃可延長壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)25個循環以(yi)上；高于(yu)50℃則(ze)負極硫化容量損(sun)失而(er)(er)降低(di)壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)。電(dian)池壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)在(zai)(zai)一定溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)范(fan)圍內隨溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)高而(er)(er)增加，是因為容量隨溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)高而(er)(er)增加。如果方(fang)電(dian)容量不變，則(ze)在(zai)(zai)溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)高時其放電(dian)深度(du)(du)(du)(du)降低(di)，因此(ci)壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)延長。在(zai)(zai)太陽(yang)能(neng)路燈施工(gong)過程中太陽(yang)能(neng)鉛(qian)(qian)酸蓄電(dian)池的(de)(de)擺放位置就尤其重要(yao)，基本要(yao)埋于(yu)地下(xia)（凍土層以(yi)下(xia)）給蓄電(dian)池充(chong)分(fen)創造出事(shi)宜工(gong)作的(de)(de)溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)。 |
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